Capture Fluorocarbon and Chlorofluorocarbon from Air Using DUT-67 for Safety and Semi-Quantitative Analysis.

Fluoro- and chlorofluorocabons (FC/CFCs) are important refrigerants, solvents, and fluoropolymers in industry while being toxic and carrying high global warming potential. Detection and reclamation of FC/CFCs based on adsorption technology with highly selective adsorbents is important to labor safety and environmental protection. Herein, the study reports an integrated method to combine capture, separation, enrichment, and analysis of representative FC/CFCs (chlorodifluoromethane(R22) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a)) by using the highly stable and porous Zr-MOF, DUT-67. Gas adsorption and breakthrough experiments demonstrate that DUT-67 has high R22/R134a uptake (124/116 cm3 g-1) and excellent R22/R134a/CO2 separation performance (IAST selectivities of R22/CO2 and R134a/CO2 ranging from 51.4 to 33.3, and 31.1 to 25.8), even in rather low concentration and humid conditions. A semi-quantitative analysis protocol is set up to analyze the low concentrations of R22/R134a based on the high selective R22/R134a adsorption ability, fast adsorption kinetics, water-resistant utility, facile regeneration, and excellent recyclability of DUT-67. In situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction, theoretical calculations, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra have been employed to understand the adsorption mechanism. This work may provide a potential adsorbent for purge and trap technique under room temperature, thus promoting the application of MOFs for VOCs sampling and quantitative analysis.

Anionic Ni-Based Metal-Organic Framework with Li(I) Cations in the Pores for Efficient C2H2/CO2 Separation.

Acetylene (C2H2) is widely used as a raw material for producing various downstream commodities in the petrochemical and electronic industry. Therefore, the acquisition of high-purity C2H2 from a C2H2/CO2 mixture produced by partial methane combustion or thermal hydrocarbon cracking is of great significance yet highly challenging due to their similar physical and chemical properties. Herein, we report an anionic metal-organic framework (MOF) named LIFM-210, which has Li+ cations in the pores and shows a higher adsorption affinity for C2H2 than CO2. LIFM-210 is constructed by a unique tetranuclear Ni(II) cluster acting as a 10-connected node and an organic ligand acting as a 5-connected node. Single-component adsorption and transient breakthrough experiments demonstrate the good C2H2 selective separation performance of LIFM-210. Theoretical calculations revealed that Li+ ions strongly prefer C2H2 to CO2 and are primary adsorption sites, playing vital roles in the selective separation of C2H2/CO2.

Mesenchymal stem cells-based drug delivery systems for diabetic foot ulcer: A review.

The complication of diabetes, which is known as diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), is a significant concern due to its association with high rates of disability and mortality. It not only severely affects patients' quality of life, but also imposes a substantial burden on the healthcare system. In spite of efforts made in clinical practice, treating DFU remains a challenging task. While mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been extensively studied in treating DFU, the current efficacy of DFU healing using this method is still inadequate. However, in recent years, several MSCs-based drug delivery systems have emerged, which have shown to increase the efficacy of MSC therapy, especially in treating DFU. This review summarized the application of diverse MSCs-based drug delivery systems in treating DFU and suggested potential prospects for the future research.

Confidence ratings increase response thresholds in decision making.

Many mental processes are reactive - they are altered as a result of introspection and monitoring. It has been documented that soliciting trial-by-trial confidence ratings (CRs) reactively improves decision accuracy and lengthens response times (RTs), but the cognitive mechanisms underlying CR reactivity in decision-making remain unknown. The current study conducted two experiments and employed the drift-diffusion model (DDM) to explore why reporting confidence reactively alters the decision-making process. The results showed that CRs led to enhanced decision accuracy, longer RTs, and higher response thresholds. The findings are consistent with an increased conservatism hypothesis which asserts that soliciting CRs provokes feelings of uncertainty and makes individuals more cautious in their decision making.

Cell-specific NFIA upregulation promotes epileptogenesis by TRPV4-mediated astrocyte reactivity.

BACKGROUND: The astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit morphological and functional diversity in brain region-specific pattern. Functional alterations of reactive astrocytes are commonly present in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cases, meanwhile the neuroinflammation mediated by reactive astrocytes may advance the development of hippocampal epilepsy in animal models. Nuclear factor I-A (NFIA) may regulate astrocyte diversity in the adult brain. However, whether NFIA endows the astrocytes with regional specificity to be involved in epileptogenesis remains elusive. METHODS: Here, we utilize an interference RNA targeting NFIA to explore the characteristics of NFIA expression and its role in astrocyte reactivity in a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced seizure model in vivo and in vitro. Combined with the employment of a HA-tagged plasmid overexpressing NFIA, we further investigate the precise mechanisms how NIFA facilitates epileptogenesis. RESULTS: 4-AP-induced NFIA upregulation in hippocampal region is astrocyte-specific, and primarily promotes detrimental actions of reactive astrocyte. In line with this phenomenon, both NFIA and vanilloid transient receptor potential 4 (TRPV4) are upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes in human samples from the TLE surgical patients and mouse samples with intraperitoneal 4-AP. NFIA directly regulates mouse astrocytic TRPV4 expression while the quantity and the functional activity of TRPV4 are required for 4-AP-induced astrocyte reactivity and release of proinflammatory cytokines in the charge of NFIA upregulation. NFIA deficiency efficiently inhibits 4-AP-induced TRPV4 upregulation, weakens astrocytic calcium activity and specific astrocyte reactivity, thereby mitigating aberrant neuronal discharges and neuronal damage, and suppressing epileptic seizure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results uncover the critical role of NFIA in astrocyte reactivity and illustrate how epileptogenic brain injury initiates cell-specific signaling pathway to dictate the astrocyte responses.

Impacts of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to microplastics in bioflocs system.

Microplastics (MPs) are abundant in aquaculture water, including in bioflocs aquaculture systems. Compared with other aquaculture systems, biofloc technology systems have the richest microbes and are beneficial to cultivated organisms. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential effects of MPs on aquaculture organisms in bioflocs systems. Here, Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to MPs (polystyrene; 32-40 µm diameter) with 0, 80 items/L (30 µg/L), and 800 items/L (300 µg/L) for 28 days in a bioflocs aquaculture system. The results showed that the MPs generally had no apparent effect on water quality, tilapia growth, or digestive enzyme activity. However, MPs accumulated the most in the liver (5.65 ± 0.74 µg/mg) and significantly increased the hepato-somatic index of tilapia and reduced the crude protein and lipid of tilapia muscle (p < 0.05). The levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase increased significantly in response to MPs (p < 0.05). In contrast, MPs did not affect the content of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, oxidized glutathione, and malondialdehyde, or the enzyme activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. Moreover, using an improved integrated biomarker response index, growth performance was found to be less responsive to MPs than to oxidative stress and digestive activity. Exposure to MPs did not significantly influence the microbial communities of the bioflocs and tilapia guts (p < 0.05). These results suggest that MPs barely affected tilapia in the bioflocs system. This study contributes to the evaluation of the ecological risk of MPs in aquaculture systems and a better understanding of the integrated response of cultivated vertebrates to MPs in biofloc technology systems.

Scalable and Depurative Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework for Deep Flue-Gas Desulfurization and SO2 Recovery.

Deep SO2 removal and recovery as industrial feedstock are of importance in flue-gas desulfurization and natural-gas purification, yet developing low-cost and scalable physisorbents with high efficiency and recyclability remains a challenge. Herein, we develop a viable synthetic protocol to produce DUT-67 with a controllable MOF structure, excellent crystallinity, adjustable shape/size, milli-to-kilogram scale, and consecutive production by recycling the solvent/modulator. Furthermore, simple HCl post-treatment affords depurated DUT-67-HCl featuring ultrahigh purity, excellent chemical stability, fully reversible SO2 uptake, high separation selectivity (SO2/CO2 and SO2/N2), greatly enhanced SO2 capture capacity, and good reusability. The SO2 binding mechanism has been elucidated by in situ X-ray diffraction/infrared spectroscopy and DFT/GCMC calculations. The single-step SO2 separation from a real quaternary N2/CO2/O2/SO2 flue gas containing trace SO2 is implementable under dry and 50% humid conditions, thus recovering 96% purity. This work may pave the way for future SO2 capture-and-recovery technology by pushing MOF syntheses toward economic cost, scale-up production, and improved physiochemical properties.

Prevalence and risk factors for subjective cognitive decline and the correlation with objective cognition among community-dwelling older adults in China: Results from the Hubei memory and aging cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence and risk factors for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and its correlation with objective cognition decline (OCD) among community-dwelling older adults is inconsistent. METHODS: Older adults underwent neuropsychological and clinical evaluations to reach a consensus on diagnoses. RESULTS: This study included 7486 adults without mild cognitive impairment and dementia (mean age: 71.35 years [standard deviation = 5.40]). The sex-, age-, and residence-adjusted SCD prevalence was 58.33% overall (95% confidence interval: 58.29% to 58.37%), with higher rates of 61.25% and 59.87% in rural and female subgroups, respectively. SCD global and OCD language, SCD memory and OCD global, SCD and OCD memory, and SCD and OCD language were negatively correlated in fully adjusted models. Seven health and lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk for SCD. DISCUSSION: SCD affected 58.33% of older adults and may indicate concurrent OCD, which should prompt the initiation of preventative intervention for dementia. HIGHLIGHTS: SCD affects 58.33% of older adults in China. SCD may indicate concurrent objective cognitive decline. Difficulty finding words and memory impairments may indicate a risk for AD. The presence of SCD may prompt preventative treatment initiation of MCI or dementia. Social network factors may be initial targets for the early prevention of SCD.

Microplastics inhibit biofloc formation and alter microbial community composition and nitrogen transformation function in aquaculture.

Biofloc technology, extensively used in intensive aquaculture systems, can prompt the formation of microbial aggregates. Microplastics (MPs) are detected abundantly in aquaculture waters. This study explored the effects of MPs on biofloc formation, microbial community composition and nitrogen transformation function in simulated biofloc aquaculture production systems. The formation process and settling performance of bioflocs were examined. High-throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes was used to investigate the microbial community compositions of bioflocs. Nitrogen dynamics were monitored and further explained from functional genes and microorganisms related to nitrogen transformation by metagenome sequencing. We found that the aggregates consisting of bioflocs and MPs were formed and the systems with MPs had relatively weak settling performance. No significant differences in bacterial diversity (p > 0.05) but significant differences in eukaryotic diversity (p < 0.05) were found between systems without and with MPs. Significant separations in the microbial communities of prokaryotes (p = 0.01) and eukaryotes (p = 0.01) between systems without and with MPs were observed. The peak concentration of nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) in systems with MPs was lower than that in systems without MPs (pControl/MPs Low = 0.02 and pControl/MPs High = 0.03), probably due to the low abundance of hao and affiliated Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium_HGW-Alphaproteobacteria-1 and Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium, but the high abundance of nxrA and affiliated Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium_SYSU_XM001 and Hydrogenophaga_pseudoflava that related to nitrification. The low concentration of NO2--N in systems with MPs suggested that the presence of MPs might inhibit ammonia oxidation but promote nitrite oxidation by altering the microbial community structure and function. These results indicated that aggregates consisting of bioflocs and MPs could be formed in aquaculture water, and thus, inhibiting their settlement and altering nitrogen transformation function by affecting the microbial community composition.

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4: a Double-Edged Sword in the Central Nervous System.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a nonselective cation channel that can be activated by diverse stimuli, such as heat, mechanical force, hypo-osmolarity, and arachidonic acid metabolites. TRPV4 is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and participates in many significant physiological processes. However, accumulative evidence has suggested that deficiency, abnormal expression or distribution, and overactivation of TRPV4 are involved in pathological processes of multiple neurological diseases. Here, we review the latest studies concerning the known features of this channel, including its expression, structure, and its physiological and pathological roles in the CNS, proposing an emerging therapeutic strategy for CNS diseases.

MTDH-stabilized DDX17 promotes tumor initiation and progression through interacting with YB1 to induce EGFR transcription in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Metadherin (MTDH) is a well-established oncogene in various cancers including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise mechanism through which MTDH promotes cancer-related signaling pathways in HCC remains unknown. In this study, we identified DDX17 as a novel binding partner of MTDH. Furthermore, MTDH increased the protein level of DDX17 by inhibiting its ubiquitination. We confirmed that DDX17 was a novel oncogene, with dramatically upregulated expression in HCC tissues. The increased expression of DDX17 was closely associated with vascular invasion, TNM stage, BCLC stage, and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that DDX17, a downstream target of MTDH, played a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. Mechanistically, DDX17 acted as a transcriptional regulator that interacted with Y-box binding protein 1 (YB1) in the nucleus, which in turn drove the binding of YB1 to its target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene promoter to increase its transcription. This in turn increased expression of EGFR and the activation of the downstream MEK/pERK signaling pathway. Our results identify DDX17, stabilized by MTDH, as a powerful oncogene in HCC and suggest that the DDX17/YB1/EGFR axis contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC.

Risk factors and functional evaluation of recurrence after resection of thigh soft tissue malignant tumor / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To explore the risk factors of recurrence after resection of thigh soft tissue malignant tumors and the evaluation of the postoperative lower limb function.Methods:A total of 211 patients who underwent thigh soft tissue malignant tumor resection in the Department of Orthopaedics of the second affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University from May 2011 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 117 males and 94 females, aged 53 (43, 65) years. There were 59 cases of atypical/well-differentiated liposarcoma, 30 cases of other types of liposarcoma, 33 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 19 cases of fibrosarcoma, 12 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, 12 cases of leiomyosarcoma, 9 cases of synovial sarcoma, and 37 cases of others. The tumor involvement of muscle, bone, blood vessel, nerve tissue and intermuscular compartment, postoperative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score and recurrence were recorded. The relationship between anatomical structure and postoperative recurrence was analyzed by Cox logistic regression to determine risk factors; the cumulative recurrence rate of different compartment groups (medial compartment, anterior compartment, and posterior compartment) were compared; The Box plot was used to compare the postoperative function of patients with resection of different anatomical structures (e.g., vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, femur, etc.).Results:A total of 34 out of 211 patients relapsed, with a recurrence rate of 16.1%. The recurrence time ranged from 2.6 months to 91.6 months after operation, with a median recurrence time of 37.0 (18.2, 52.8) months. Three independent risk factors were found to be associated with recurrence, namely: pathological grade [ HR=3.86, 95% CI(1.75, 8.51)], involvement of vastus intermedius [ HR=3.05, 95% CI(1.53, 6.06)], and involvement of vastus medialis [ HR=3.17, 95% CI(1.56, 6.41)]. The recurrence rate of patients with anterior chamber tumor resection was 35.3%, which was higher than that of patients without tumor resection (16.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.020). There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between patients with medial chamber tumor resection and patients without tumor resection ( P>0.05). The recurrence rate of patients with posterior compartment tumor resection was 12.3%, which was lower than that of unresectable patients (37.6%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.002).The postoperative MSTS score of 167 patients averaged 26±3.2 points (9-30 points). After intraoperative resection of part of the femur, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris, the patient's function was relatively poor [corresponding median MSTS score: 25 (23, 28), 26 (24 28), 26 (24,28), 26(24, 27)]. Conclusion:The risk factors for local recurrence after resection of thigh soft tissue malignant tumors include: pathological grade of the tumor, and whether the vastus intermedius or vastus medialis is involved. Anterior compartment tumors have a higher recurrence rate after surgery. If the tumor involves the above-mentioned anatomical structures, more attention should be paid to the risk of local recurrence after surgery.

Mini-open excision of osteoid osteoma using burrs with the guidance of O-arm navigation / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the surgical method and clinical effect of O-arm navigation mini-open burring for osteoid osteoma.Methods:Eighteen patients with osteoid osteoma were treated with O-arm guided grinding drill from June 2021 to May 2022, including 15 males and 3 females, the age was (18.4 ±10.9) years (range 2 to 44 years), and the course of disease ranged from 1 week to 3 years (mean 14.2 months). The lesions sites included 6 cases of proximal femur, 3 cases of distal femur, 4 cases of proximal tibia, 1 case of distal tibia, 2 cases of proximal fibula and 1 case of distal and proximal humerus. During the operation, the O-arm navigation was used to determine the location of the focus, the muscle and soft tissue was peeled off to the bone surface through a 1-4 cm small incision, the channel retractor was placed, and the burr was registered as a navigation recognition device to gradually remove the bone on the surface of the tumor nest, and the tumor nest was scraped with a curette for pathological examination; according to the navigation image, the focus was enlarged removed with burr and the grinding range was confirmed by the O-arm X-ray machine before the end of the operation. The patients were followed up for 6 to 15 months (mean 9.5 months). CT scans were performed before and after surgery for imaging comparison in order to figure out whether it had residual lesions or recurrence. The visual analogue score (VAS) of pain was used as a parameter for evaluating the clinical efficacy.Results:The operation time of 18 cases was 40-175 min, with an average of 89.3 min. The time required to establish navigation image was 18.0 ±4.1 min (range 13 ~ 22 min). The length of the incision was 2.7±1.1 cm (range 1-4 cm). All patients achieved complete curettage of the lesions, and osteoid osteoma was confirmed by pathology after operation. All the patients could move to the ground 24 hours after operation, and the pain was significantly relieved from 3 to 7 d after operation, and the pain almost disappeared 3 months after operation. The VAS score of 18 cases was 5.33±1.24 before surgery, 2.79±1.32 on the 3rd day, 1.86±1.21 on the 7th day, 0.86±0.93 on the 1st month, 0.33±0.48 on the 3rd month, and 0.09±0.29 on the 6th month after operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=58.50, P<0.001). There were no serious complications during and after operation, and the success rate of treatment (no recurrence of symptoms, no residual recurrence of imaging lesions, no serious complications after operation) was 100%. Conclusion:Treatment of osteoid osteoma with mini-open excision using burrs under the navigation of O-arm is a simple, safe, minimally invasive and efficient technique. Intraoperative precise positioning and the use of burr with navigation to remove a larger area than the tumor nest are the keys to successful treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment of 24 cases of primary urethral carcinoma / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of primary urethral cancer (PUC). 【Methods】 The clinical data of 24 PUC patients treated in our hospital during Jan.2013 and Jul.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up to monitor the metastasis,recurrence and survival. 【Results】 The patients included 17 male and 7 female,aged (57.6±12.8) years. The main pathologic type was squamous cell carcinoma,followed by urothelial carcinoma. Altogether 23 patients underwent surgical treatment,and 8 of them received postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. During the follow-up of 1 to 92 months,17 patients were followed up,3 of the them had local recurrence,1 had metastasis,and 5 died. Survival analysis showed that patients survived (63.3±10.6) months,with a 21-month survival rate of 64.8% and progression-free survival of 22 (9,72) months. 【Conclusion】 PUC is a rare malignant tumor with poor prognosis. For early and distal PUC,urethra-preserving surgery can be adopted;for proximal or advanced PUC,surgery combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is recommended.

Health information needs of inpatients with chronic diseases and utilization of community health resources in the comprehensive hospitals in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo understand the health information needs of chronic disease inpatients and the current utilization of community health resources， and to analyze the influencing factors， so as to provide basis for personalized and high-quality health education for chronic disease inpatients and to guide them to make full use of community health resources. MethodsFrom November 2020 to February 2021， we conducted a face-to-face multi-center clinical epidemiological survey with paper questionnaire in three general hospitals of Shanghai. The study included 404 inpatients with diabetes， hypertension， coronary heart disease， chronic respiratory diseases， cancer and other chronic diseases. Results94.01% of the 404 respondents had different needs for disease or health related information， and there was no significant difference between patients of different ages， genders and educational backgrounds in their needs for health knowledge. Among these patients， only 39.11% of them participated in the establishment of a card for chronic disease management in the community or signed for a family doctor. The participation rate of male patients was lower than that of female patients （P<0.05）. ConclusionPatients with chronic diseases have a high demand for health related information， and we need to provide health information in multiple ways. We should increase investment in community health resources， improve service quality， and guide residents with chronic diseases to make full use of community health resources.

Progress of relationship between autophagy and hepatocellular carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Abnormality of autophagy is related to many human diseases, which provides a new clue to the pathophysiology of human cancer. However, the role of autophagy in normal liver physiology and the pathogenesis of liver diseases need to be further clarified. This article reviews the role of autophagy in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and the molecular mechanisms.

Early neurological deterioration in patients with minor ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion: risk factors and the impact of rescue endovascular thromboectomy on outcomes at discharge / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with minor ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO) and the impact of rescue endovascular thromboectomy (REVT) on clinical outcomes of patients with END at discharge.Methods:Consecutive patients with acute minor ischemic stroke caused by LVO within 24 h of onset in the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University from January 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. Minor ischemic stroke was defined as baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤5 at admission. END was defined as an increase of ≥4 in the NIHSS score within 24 h after the best medical management. The modified Rankin Scale was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with END at discharge. 0-2 was defined as a good outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for END and the impact of REVT on clinical outcomes in patients with END. Results:A total of 75 patients with minor ischemic stroke caused by LVO were included, of which 31 (41.3%) developed END and 13 (41.9%) underwent REVT after END. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that internal carotid artery occlusion was an independent risk factor for END (odds ratio 4.304, 95% confidence interval 1.213-15.270; P=0.024), and REVT was an independent protective factor for good outcomes in patients with END (odds ratio 0.068, 95% confidence interval 0.006-0.774; P=0.030). Conclusions:The incidence of END is higher in patients with minor ischemic stroke caused by LVO, and internal carotid artery occlusion is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of END. Providing REVT after END may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with END at discharge.

Secular trends of age at menarche and age at menopause in women born since 1951 from a county of Shandong Province, China / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To describe the secular trends of age at menarche and age at natural menopause of women from a county of Shandong Province.@*METHODS@#Based on the data of the Premarital Medical Examination and the Cervical Cancer and Breast Cancer Screening of the county, the secular trends of age at menarche in women born in 1951 to 1998 and age at menopause in women born in 1951 to 1975 were studied. Joinpoint regression was used to identify potential inflection points regarding the trend of age at menarche. Average hazard ratios (AHR) of early menopause among women born in different generations were estimated by performing multivariate weighted Cox regression.@*RESULTS@#The average age at menarche was (16.43±1.89) years for women born in 1951 and (13.99±1.22) years for women born in 1998. The average age at menarche was lower for urban women than that for rural women, and the higher the education level, the lower the average age at menarche. Joinpoint regression analysis identified three inflection points: 1959, 1973 and 1993. The average age at menarche decreased annually by 0.03 (P < 0.001), 0.08 (P < 0.001), and 0.03 (P < 0.001) years respectively for women born during 1951-1959, 1960-1973, and 1974-1993, while it remained stable for those born during 1994-1998 (P=0.968). As for age at menopause, compared with women born during 1951-1960, those born during 1961-1965, 1966-1970 and 1971-1975 showed a gradual decrease in the risk of early menopause and a tendency to delay the age at menopause. The stratified analysis presented that the risk of early menopause gradually decreased and the age of menopause showed a significant delay among those with education level of junior high school and below, but this trend was not obvious among those with education level of senior high school and above, where the risk of early menopause decreased and then increased among those with education level of college and above, and the corresponding AHRs were 0.90 (0.66-1.22), 1.07 (0.79-1.44) and 1.14 (0.79-1.66).@*CONCLUSION@#The age at menarche for women born since 1951 gradually declined until 1994 and leveled off, with a decrease of nearly 2.5 years in these years. The age at menopause for women born between 1951 and 1975 was generally delayed over time, but the trend of first increase and then decrease was observed among those with relatively higher education levels. In the context of the increasing delay in age at marriage and childbearing and the decline of fertility, this study highlights the necessity of the assessment and monitoring of women' s basic reproductive health status, especially the risk of early menopause.

Research progress and application prospect of stem cells in inflamed dental tissues on periodontal bone regeneration / 中华口腔医学杂志

Tissue engineering has become a research hotspot regarding periodontal bone regeneration in recent years. Generally, stem cells used in periodontal tissue engineering are derived from healthy dental tissues, while restricted due to the strict indication of tooth extraction and limited sources. Stem cells in inflamed dental tissues mainly derive from inflamed pulp, periapical and periodontal tissues. Stem cells in inflamed dental tissues are abundant and retain most of the basic characteristics of stem cell compared with the ones derived from healthy dental tissues, which can be a promising source of stem cells for periodontal bone regeneration. In this review, we summarize the current application and prospect of stem cells in inflamed dental tissues on periodontal bone regeneration, and then discuss their feasibility as seed cells, in order to provide a reference for future research and clinical application of stem cells in inflamed dental tissues.